The sheet metal deep drawn technology is one of the most challenging process in manufacturing. The sizes, shapes, thickness and deep drawn metal used to produces sheet metal deep drawn parts cover a diverse range of variables. Individual variables should be evaluated carefully to determine the optimum manufacturing method. Regardless of the many factors involved affecting the draw quality, the most important element to a successful sheet metal deep drawing operation is the smoothness of sheet metal flow. The following are key elements affecting metal flow during deep drawing process and each of them should be considered when designing or troubleshooting sheet metal deep drawing stamping tools:

Type of material used and its thickness. = In deep drawing process, thicker materials are stiffer, they can be gripped better during deep drawing. Thicker materials also have more volume, so they can stretch longer distances during deep drawing process ( deeper draw ).

Tool surface finish & type of Lubricant used = Die surface finishes and lubricants are important to reduces the friction between tool surfaces and metal been drawn, it allowing materials to flow through tools more easily. Die temperatures can affect the viscosity of lubricants. Slower deep drawing speed gives better metal flow.

Blank size and shape = Blank sizes and shapes that are too large can restrict metal flow, and the geometry of parts affects the ability of metal to flow during deep drawing process.

Punching speed = sufficient punching speed allows time for materials to flow through the tool. Corner cracking will always occur if press speed is tool fast in deep drawing process.

Draw radii = Radius on the draw die where the material flow through, too big the radii will result wrinkling where too small will creates cracking at bottom radius of drawn part.

Draw ratio = Refers to the ability of a material to flow or draw. Affecting the draw depth and size per any single draw.

Draw bead height and shape = To control metal flow and gripping pressure in deep drawing process, draw bead height and shape can cause materials to bend and unbend to creates restrictive forces going into a tool. Increasing pressure will exerts more force on a material, creating more restraint on material going into the tool.

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